Bentonite waa macdan aan bir ahayn oo leh montmorillonite oo ah qaybta macdanta ugu weyn.Qaab dhismeedka montmorillonite waa qaab dhismeedka 2: 1 nooca crystal ka kooban laba tetrahedrons silicon oxide sandwich leh lakabka aluminium oxide octahedron.Sababo la xiriira qaabdhismeedka lakabka ah ee uu sameeyay unugga crystal montmorillonite, waxaa jira cations gaar ah, sida Cu, Mg, Na, K, iwm. ay beddelaan cations kale, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay sifooyin beddelaad ion wanaagsan.Dibadda, waxaa lagu dabaqay in ka badan 100 waaxaha 24 beeraha warshadaha iyo beeraha, iyada oo in ka badan 300 wax soo saarka, si ay dadku ugu yeeraan "carrada caalamiga ah".

Bentonite waxa kale oo loo yaqaan bentonite, bentonite, ama bentonite.Shiinuhu waxa uu hore u soo maray horumarinta iyo isticmaalka bentonite, kaas oo markii hore loo isticmaali jiray saabuunta oo kaliya.(Waxaa jiray miinooyin godad furan oo ku yaal aagga Renshou ee Sichuan boqolaal sano ka hor, iyo dadka maxalliga ah oo loo yaqaan budada ciidda bentonite.).Waxa kaliya oo si weyn loo isticmaali jiray in ka badan boqol sano.Daah-furkii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykanku waxa uu ahaa dabaqii hore ee Wyoming, halkaas oo dhoobada jaalaha-cagaaran, oo ku fidi karta koollada ka dib marka lagu daro biyaha, ayaa si wada jir ah loogu tilmaamay bentonite.Xaqiiqdii, qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee macdanta bentonite waa montmorillonite, oo leh maaddo 85-90%.Qaar ka mid ah guryaha bentonite sidoo kale waxaa go'aamiya montmorillonite.Montmorillonite waxay qaadan kartaa midabyo kala duwan sida cagaar jaale ah, caddaan jaalle ah, cawl, caddaan, iyo wixii la mid ah.Waxay samayn kartaa burooyin cufan ama carro dabacsan, oo leh dareen simbiriirixan marka farahaaga lagu xoqo.Ka dib marka lagu daro biyaha, jidhka yari wuxuu kordhiyaa dhowr jeer ilaa 20-30 jeer mugga, wuxuuna u muuqdaa inuu ku xayiran yahay biyaha.Marka ay jiraan biyo yar, waxay u muuqdaan kuwo jilicsan.Astaamaha montmorillonite waxay la xidhiidhaan ka kooban kiimiko iyo qaab dhismeedka gudaha.

Ciid dabiici ah oo firiley

Magac ahaan, dhoobo cad oo si dabiici ah u dhacda oo leh sifooyin biliij ah ayaa ah cad, dhoobo cawlan cad oo inta badan ka kooban montmorillonite, albite, iyo quartz, waana nooc ka mid ah bentonite.

Inta badan waa sheyga burburka dhagaxa folkaanaha ah ee vitreous, kaas oo aan balaadhin ka dib marka la nuugo biyaha, iyo qiimaha pH ee joojinta waa acid daciif ah, taas oo ka duwan bentonite alkaline;Wax qabadkeeda bleaching ayaa ka xun tan dhoobada firfircoon.Midabada guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah huruud khafiif ah, caddaan cagaaran, cawl, midab saytuun ah, bunni, caano cad, guduud cas, buluug, iyo wixii la mid ah.In yar ayaa cad cad.Cufnaanta: 2.7-2.9g/cm.Cufnaanta muuqata inta badan waa mid hooseeya sababtoo ah porosity.Halabuurka kiimikada ayaa la mid ah dhoobada caadiga ah, iyada oo qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kiimikooyinka ay yihiin aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, biyo, iyo qadar yar oo bir ah, magnesium, calcium, iwm.Sababtoo ah maadada sare ee silicic acid hydrous, waa asiidh ilaa litmus.Biyuhu waxay u nugul yihiin dildilaaca waxayna leeyihiin biyo badan.Guud ahaan, marka ay fiicnaato, ayaa sare u kaca awoodda midabaynta.

Inta lagu jiro marxaladda sahaminta, marka la samaynayo qiimeynta tayada, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la cabbiro waxqabadkeeda bleaching, aysiidh ahaan, waxqabadka sifaynta, nuugista saliidda, iyo waxyaabo kale.

Macdanta Bentonite
Macdanta Bentonite waa macdan leh adeegsiyo badan, tayadooda iyo goobahooduna waxay inta badan ku xidhan yihiin waxa ku jira iyo nooca sifada montmorillonite iyo sifadeeda kiimikaad ee crystal.Sidaa darteed, horumarinteeda iyo ka faa'iidaysigeedu waa in ay ku kala duwanaadaan kayga iyo kayga iyo shaqada ilaa shaqada.Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka dhoobada firfircoon, calcium ku salaysan sodium ku salaysan, qodista grouting ee qodista batroolka, beddelidda istaarijka sida slurry for miiqan, daabacaadda iyo rinjiyeynta, iyadoo la isticmaalayo daahan gudaha iyo dibadda derbiga on alaabta dhismaha, diyaarinta bentonite organic, synthesizing 4A zeolite laga bilaabo bentonite, soo saarida kaarboon madow madow, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Farqiga u dhexeeya calcium ku salaysan iyo sodium ku salaysan

Nooca bentonite waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa nooca interlayer cation ee bentonite.Marka isku-xidhka isku-xidhka ahi yahay Na+, waxa loo yaqaannaa bentonite ku salaysan sodium;Calcium-ku salaysan bentonite waxa loo yaqaan marka isku-xidhka isku-xidhku yahay Ca+.Sodium montmorillonite (ama sodium bentonite) ayaa leh sifooyin ka wanaagsan kaalshiyamka bentonite ku salaysan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybinta ciidda calcareous ee adduunka ayaa aad uga ballaaran kan ciidda sodium.Sidaa darteed, marka lagu daro xoojinta raadinta ciidda sodium, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la beddelo ciidda calcareous si ay u noqoto ciidda sodium.